Three Musketeers

Sunday night as I was staggering down the street with blood dripping from the gashes on my head † Oh yeah by the way it was Halloween and I was dressed up as a zombie, anyway we were Like the 3 musketeers me as a zombie, Each as a mummy, and Cattail as a witch all strolling down the streets with pockets full of sweets and I mean full as we turned the corner to go down Casey avenue there It was the lonely house at the end of the street with the creaky gate here no one went, but you know Each wanting to get sweets from every house so we went, the gate creaked as it opened the dead rose trees in the front garden and the odd rat scattering across the path sent a shiver up my spine as we approached the door bats flew around our heads the thick old wooden door creaked open I knew this wasn't a good idea an old strange man staggered towards the door we could slightly see his face in the moonlight he had a pointy nose thick grey curly hair red eyes, a pale mouth and a face as white as snowMay 3, 1999 was a day l, and many other Oklahoman, will never forget. It was Friday afternoon and I had just got off a conference call around 4:30. I was tired after a long week so I flipped on the TV to take my mind off of work. Well, there were live news reports warning there was a tornado around 70-80 miles south-southwest of Oklahoma City. I had no idea this tornado was going to stay on the ground for hours and create the strongest winds ever recorded – Ever. It started out small, like an Fl, UT as it got closer to Oklahoma City the thing – this monster off storm – got bigger and bigger and bigger! I'll never forget watching this whole thing live as it happened from the eyes of the local TV helicopters.The most chilling moments that really haunt me were to see destroyed neighborhoods moments after the tornado tore through them In the Bridge Creek/Moore suburbs that were hit the hardest. People were coming out of an elementary school, where they had taken shelter, and they were just walking around in a daze among the total destruction of what use to be heir homes. Most homes were gone and destroyed beyond recognition. I knew if the helicopters stayed on the scene long enough we would see people who had died. It was really uncomfortable to see this horror unfold as it happened while sitting in the comforts of my family room. Oh, the smell of natural gas! I can still remember how strong it was.It hung in the air for the longest time after the monster destroyed most everything in its path. We were 15 miles away, too. In all, there were over 60 rondos that day that ripped through Oklahoma and Kansas.

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering and its importance Advertisements Chemical engineering has a number of applications in our day to day lives. This course is offered to students at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Upon the accomplishment of their studies, individuals can apply for jobs with firms of the private or public sector firms. Placement opportunities are available for aspirants within some of the prestigious Indian firms such as Reliance and Indian Oil etc. One can say that this sector is one of the many areas where one can get good jobs as well as other opportunities of the right type.In this article we are going to discuss about the importance of chemical engineering as well as its numerous applications. Importance of Chemical Engineering Areas where chemical engineering is applicable in our day to day lives include: Coal preparation and mineral processing Explosives manufacturing Fertilizer industry Food processing Glass and specialty chemicals Paints Steel and aluminum production In addition to the above mentioned areas, chemical engineering also has applications in production of electronics, clothing, paper and photographic equipment etc.The scope for individuals in the field of chemical engineering is bound to grow in time. This is mainly because of industrial growth as well as the related scarcity of the resources those are required. In future years, chemical engineers will be needed to develop synthetic replacement for those resources as well as materials that are low in supply. In overall, it can be said that chemical engineers will be able to make very crucial contributions to the improvement in addition to the maintenance of the quality of our lives.Areas where one can apply his knowledge: Although chemical engineering is relatively a new field, this field of engineering has shown a speedy expansion during the last few decades. This has in turn led to rise in importance of chemical engineering as well as the number of jobs. Career opportunities for t hese professionals are available with R&D departments, especially in the field of energy as well in developing fields such as nanotechnology and biotechnology. Chemical Plants Petrochemical Plants Pharmaceuticals Petroleum Refining PlantsMineral Based Industries Electronics Industry Photographic Equipment Units Clothing Units Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Aircraft Industry Some Job Types Supervisor Technical Specialist Project Manager Project Engineer Teacher Researcher Environmental, Safety & Regulatory Manager Quality Manager Senior Process Engineer Product Development Engineer Fuel Meter Calibration Technician In the government sector, chemical engineers can find jobs in areas where solutions for environmental problems like recycling, water treatment and others are needed.They can also get work with departments of energy conservation as well as with defense establishments. Sir William Wakeham on the Importance of Chemical Engineering Sep. 06, 2011 Sir William Wakeham, President, I ChemE Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE more Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE From Reliance Industries’ Mukesh Ambani to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher †¦ A Wide Range – From Reliance Industries' Mukesh Ambani and SABIC's Mohammed al-Mady to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher Gallagher, chemical engineers can be found in almost every walk of life. And if you have never heard of Gallagher, you can replace him with Dolph Lundgren, who forewent a career in chemical engineering when he found success as Ivan Drago in the movie Rocky IV). These days, chemical engineering is as diverse as the people who study it, covering areas from biotechnology to mineral processing, and its significance for the chemical industry is now more important than ever. Sir William Wakeham is currently president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), a global professional membership organization for people who have an interest in and r elevant experience in chemical engineering.He spoke with Brandi Schuster on how the field has evolved, what IChemE does to encourage students to study chemical engineering and the importance of having chemical engineers in all levels within chemical and pharmaceutical companies. CHEManager Europe: Sir William, the term â€Å"chemical engineering† doesn't have quite the same meaning as maybe 50 years ago. How do you think the profession has evolved? Sir William Wakeham: These days there is much more of a focus on the word â€Å"process engineering† rather than â€Å"chemical engineering. Often the processes involved are still chemical, but they now encompass many more things than we thought about 50 years ago. These days you have trained chemical engineers working in many process applications that aren't necessarily within the traditional realm of the chemical industry. One example of that is within the pharmaceutical business, in formulation engineering. This consists of the construction of pills, which goes hand-in-hand with the drug formulations.That involves quite a lot of chemical engineering, but wouldn't have been thought of as such 50 years ago. It's a similar situation within the water industry. There is a lot of activity which could be considered process engineering, and probably most of the reactions, if there are any, are biological reactions. All in all, I think the term has been broaden quite a bit over the last several decades in order to include many more aspects and technologies. In fact, the term â€Å"chemical engineer† is probably being replaced by â€Å"process engineer. Is the future of chemical engineering one with a very broad base? Sir William Wakeham: Yes, and in my own experience, trained chemical or process engineers are the kinds of engineers who are most able to work with other disciplines, because they have already quite a breadth in their formation as engineers. That is not quite the same for, let's say, ci vil engineers whose chemistry training is quite limited. Process engineers have a unique opportunity to bring scientists and other engineers together.Most of the big problems that the world is facing are a bit like that; people have to be brought together from different areas. What about diversity within the profession, particularly when it comes to women? Sir William Wakeham: In the UK, total chemical engineering undergraduate numbers are the most positive for women's recruitment of any engineering discipline. In the UK, about 27% of chemical engineering students are women; this is certainly a step in the right direction. What kind of activities does IChemE have to encourage more people to study chemical engineering?Sir William Wakeham: We have an enormous focus on bringing people into chemical engineering courses; this has, at least in the UK, pushed the numbers through the roof. We are particularly interested in attracting women, and one of the key elements of doing that is havin g women on the staff of chemical engineering departments who do the recruitment. Here in the UK, most departments have a substantial number of women on their faculty. In other areas of the world, such as in the Middle East, there are some cultural issues that are additional difficulty.However, in Malaysia, where we are also active, there are a significant number of women studying chemical engineering now. Apart from its European offices, IChemE is also represented in Asia, Africa and Australasia. Do you work towards promoting chemical engineering for women in these parts of the world as well? Sir William Wakeham: Yes. We have been using our activities in the UK as a basis, but fine-tuning it for the different cultural backgrounds. Clearly what needs to be done in Malaysia is not the same thing as what needs to be one in the UK. Our offices in these areas are usually staffed by local people, which is important for creating an understanding of the country's needs. What is a chemical e ngineer's role in an oil and gas industry? 2 years ago Report Abuse Shape Shape Best Answer – Chosen by Voters This is a very broad question as chemical engineers (as in someone with a chemical engineering degree) can do many different engineering jobs in the oil and gas industry, but other engineers can do them as well.For example I know people with mechanical and chemical engineering degrees that are maintenance engineers with the same job responsibilities. The same goes for a drilling fluid engineer which could be held by people of varying background and technical degrees. A chemical engineer can be involved in all parts of the oil and gas industry from building the oil rigs, drilling the wells, pumping it out of the ground, transferring it through pipelines, separating in into usable chemicals in a refinery, and finally making petroleum based products in a chemical plant.Source(s): Chemical Engineer Where Do Chemical Engineers Fit into the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry? B y Katie Horner | Comments (8) Before working for an upstream oil company, I was under the impression that chemical engineers working in oil and gas belonged in pipeline and downstream operations. For those of you not in the industry, most large, integrated oil companies consist of an upstream organization and a downstream organization. The former focuses on exploration and production and the latter refines crude petroleum into usable products (gasoline, lubricants, etc. . Within upstream, processes and departments are often separated by subsurface work and surface facility work. Generally, most ChemE’s in upstream are found on the facility side, managing projects related to tanks, pumps, pipelines and separators. Pumping Unit in Bakersfield, Ca You may be asking, what about subsurface? And, can chemical engineers contribute to a traditionally petroleum engineering realm? The answer is, most definitely! A reservoir is essentially a large tank filled with porous media and reser voir fluids – oil, gas and water.In order to recover oil or gas from a reservoir, chemical engineering fundamentals such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer must be understood and applied. Petroleum engineering is not an exact science. Precise reservoir boundaries are often unknown, PVT samples are few and far between, recovery mechanisms are sometimes unclear, and original and current oil in place is determined probabilistically. The fact is, it wouldn’t be economical to collect all of the data to make it an exact science.Without having all of the data, oil companies still have been successful in recovering resources thus far. However, we’ve picked the low hanging fruit when it comes to oil and gas resources and are moving toward environments with increased complexity – heavy oil, challenging shale plays, tight gas, deepwater exploration, etc. It’s often said that the best place to find oil is within currently or previously produc ing reservoirs. As we go back in and try to capture the residual oil, chemical engineering concepts will be critical in designing processes to recover these resources.Many oil or gas recovery mechanisms are well understood, such as waterfloods or gas cap expansion. Fortunately for our profession, there are areas, such as steam and polymer floods, that still need the keen eyes of engineers to model and optimize. As we attempt to tackle the current global energy challenges, oil and gas will continue to be a key factor in the equation. While the focus of many chemical engineering graduates is in alternative energy solutions, there are still plenty of opportunities for a chemical engineer to make an impact in the world of upstream oil and gas.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow. In some of the stages the team members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of over extending the team members, you can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or there may be a need to add additional staff. All of this will need to be identified and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in all communications. http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.com/news/horizons-blog-using-technology-to-reduce-project-risk-in-the-construction-industry/https://bia.ca/10-easy-rules-to-reduce-risks-on-projects/

Williamson Mortgage Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Williamson Mortgage Inc - Case Study Example The fact that the president has accepted to buy the mortgage at the market price that will prevail at that time exposes Jennifer to risk of losing if the interest rate at that time goes beyond 5.5%. An increase in the interest rate with even a 0.5% to 6.0% on the market prices will mean that Jennifer will have to sell the bonds and earn a profit but a decrease will mean the reverse. Jennifer may have to pay in to cater for the drop in rates. It is therefore the uncertainty of the market on aspects of risk on the interest rates that could affect Jennifer’s business prospects (Billingsley, Gitman & Joehnk, 2013). This uncertainty may either bring loss or profit to her business especially considering a rise or a fall in the future value of money, owing to affecting factors such as inflation as well as rates of interest. For the purposes of hedging this risk, Jennifer needs o consider the history of the market rates and their fluctuation levels, considering these, she should be in position to establish an average that can help her have the market fluctuations taken care of (Billingsley, Gitman & Joehnk, 2013). The interest rate that she offers to the cousin could also remain unaffected if it is placed among a margin that will prevent her from burning her capital. Considering the interest of the Treasury bond, she can also make the Treasury bond and consider the fluctuations and see if they can help her cover her interest and profit. The use of treasury bonds could provide an option for Jennifer to explore. The treasury bonds can help her raise the money to facilitate her mortgage business but the uncertainty of the markets too could affect them. Unless if the interest rate specified ensures that at that time Jennifer will remain in position to facilitate the mortgage to the cousin and still make, some profit on the interest then

Health Care Reform Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Health Care Reform - Assignment Example The reform is better for tens of millions of uninsured Americans will get access to an affordable, quality health insurance in the health market. On the other hand, in order to get the money to assist insure tens of millions, new taxes on higher earners are introduced. The taxes affect employer and an individual mandate. Also, from the reform, many uninsured Americans can access free or low cost health insurance by the use of their State’s Health Insurance Marketplace. In contrast, the individual mandate suggests that one must get health coverage and pay a fee or exemption if they can afford (Boucher, 2010). The reform is essential for Medicaid is extended up to 15.9 million people who are 138% below the line of poverty (Haugen, 2008). Conversely, not all States expand Medicaid since Medicaid is expanded by the use of the Federal State Funding. Thus, such regulations leave approximately 5.7 million of the people without any coverage options. The reform is also necessary for CHIP is extended in order to cover about 9 million children. On the other hand, the CHIP uses State Funding and Federal rules in executing their services. In this case, the Obama Health reform cannot drop individuals from the coverage when you are sick or make an honest mistake on your application. The reform does not deny coverage for being sick or being charged expensively (Haugen, 2008). The fact that the reform does not consider the gender is also a point of credit for the Obamacare. For example, a sick individual cannot be charged more for being a woman. In such cases, insurance companies must cover the sick people, thus increasing the cost of an individual’s insurance (Field et al., 1993). In general, Obama reform is important for small businesses are capable of getting tax credits of up to 50% of the employee’s cost of insurance (Forman, 2010). On the other hand, the consent of the employer

Assignment 9 - Resumes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 9 - Resumes - Essay Example To make use of and expand my full potential with an opportunity for professional growth based on performance. To make the most of every opportunity those comes and make it an achievement. I intend to build a career with top environmental corporate with dedicated and committed people. To make sure I leave behind a positive impact in whichever company that I work in. KEY COMPETENCES Excellent communication skills both oral and written Good leadership, organisational and teamwork skills. High level of professionalism. Active listener – Willing to learn and listen Good interpretation of complex data (Trigonometry, Geometry). Flexible, and able to move around from place to place in duty. Good innovative thinking capabilities. Physical Stamina for Outdoor Work Actively creative with continual acquisition of new skills and knowledge. Elaborate mathematical and analytical skills Ability to deliver desired results within a located time or with the available resources. Good risk assessm ent and management skills Excellent skills in giving out advices. Excellent Information Technology skills PERSONAL INTEREST A well organized individual used to working under minimal supervision, communicates well both in writing and orally, enjoys working in a humanitarian environment, punctual ,reliable and willing to learn with good academic record and strong capacity for directorial growth, self motivated with an outgoing personality and determination to succeed. I believe my interests and skills offer a strong foundation for a good career in Civil Engineering. I like being the mediator in times of conflict between groups or individuals. I am a good problem solver. I seek the chance to combine my interest and creativity in Physics to create and construct. I am drawn by the prospect of being able to interpret and translate ideas that are abstract into physical reality, and of using science to understand solutions that are innovative. My interest in Civil Engineering came at a youn g age when I visited some tall buildings back within our country. I have keen interest in the awesome potential that Civil Engineering has in reshaping the environment, pushing the boundaries of physical possibilities, while on the other hand making a true impact by solving problems that are practical. I am interested in going deeper into civil engineering and get even Masters and PhD credentials. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Place of Internship if any (Insert) Extracurricular Activities Attending seminars and technological quiz competitions. Taking part in youth festivals. Attending Guest talks and slide shows. Project presentation. Participating in debates and essay competitions. Participating in talent shows. Watching and taking part in drama. Singing. Referees (Insert) Mr. 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mrs. 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Dr. 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Place of work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address and other contacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Work cited "44 Resume Writing Tips." Daily Writing Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . "Sample Resume - Civil Engineer Resume." Enterprise IT Solutions and Services | Publishing, IT, Education, Energy, Insurance: Exforsys. N.p., n.d. Web.

Characterize both sides of only one aspect of the international debate Research Paper

Characterize both sides of only one aspect of the international debate concerning Global Warming - Research Paper Example Basically, global warming can be defined as the heating of the planet as a result of excessive temperature generated from green house gas emissions such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which trap heat causing increases in temperature (Brown 1996). The greenhouse gases allow light from the sun to come into the atmosphere and trap the outward bound infrared radiation to warm up the earth. However, the more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped causing extreme climatic conditions which can negatively impact on the welfare of the people. Extreme climate conditions such as floods or recurrent droughts can be witnessed as a result of the effects of global warming. The melting of ice as a result of global warming results in increases of more water to the ocean and its level rises. As a result of the rising sea level, people living in areas below that sea level will be displaced. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been studying about global warming over the past few decades. Their most recent report, issued in February 2007 entitled: â€Å"Evidence is now ‘unequivocal’ that humans are causing global warming,† shows that the activities of the human beings are responsible for the cases of increasing global warming conditions. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the earth has already been showing many signs of worldwide climate change (United Nations News 2007). An increase of about three degrees is expected this century according to this report. The report notes that surface temperature has increased by about 0.74 degrees over the last 100 years. Larger values of glacier melting of abo ut 1m are expected by about 2100. Global warming has a number of negative impacts on the welfare of human beings. â€Å"Major impacts of climate change will be on rain fed crops (other than rice and

HR in Service Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

HR in Service Industry - Assignment Example The human resource department is held accountable for making sure that the job of administration in the company is performed in a manner that is relevant and that the operations of the company are in line with the law that governs the running of the business in the country of base. This will ensure that the company does not run in to trouble with the authorities over illegal running of the business and that they are not hiring employees in a way that does not relate with the law. The human resource department in the organization gives provision for incentives like promotions to employees by evaluating their work, it ensures the safety of the employees and the procedure that information in the company flows is guarded and follows certain guidelines, the human resource department caters for employees who are on vacation or who are sick, the department ensures that they are replaced for the time being and that their work is done properly (Goeldner, 2009 p89). This kind of human resource management is a highly active method of managing people in an organization. It needs the human resource managers to be able to think ahead of all employees and other personnel in the company. The managers in this unit are needed to be able to do better planning and come up with methods to grow the organization, to be able to design methods to satisfy the needs of the employees to ensure that they are able to work well without second thoughts about working in the organization. The human resource managers also ensure that the employees of the company are able to discharge their duties properly by being able to hire people who know how to discharge their duties and being able to train the employees so that they will discharge the duties of the organization properly. The strategy that the human resource managers will use in ensuring the employees add value to the organization will determine how business is carried out in the organization. This will also affect the value of the organiza tion. All the organizations that manage to meet the requirements and the needs of their employees are able to cultivate an atmosphere in the work site that will result in to exceptionally enjoyable productivity. The human resource department is the best place to start ensuring that the needs of the employees are well catered for. By being able to incorporate strategies that will result in to better productivity in the company the company will have to invest well in its dealings and all that work that it is required to do to make sure that the needs of the employees are satisfied. The company should come up with methods of ensuring that they are able to retain all the skilled employees and be able to train other skilled employees to ensure that they are capable of helping the company to be profitable. By doing this, the hotel will be able to retain several of its employees; this will in turn make sure that the company will not spend more money on hiring of and training the new employ ees to the level of performing. When the human resource department starts to plan, they have to consider on what the employees need are and

Business Ethic related to Kraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ethic related to Kraft - Essay Example Making enticing advertisements for children about unhealthy eating is unethical. This, in essence, is taking advantage of the minors to achieve business objectives. Several moral principles are relevant to the case study analyzed in this paper. According to Weiss (24), moral principles can play a great role in enabling a business to make informed choices that balance economic interests and social responsibility. A major moral principle that is related to the case study is the principle of common good and community. This moral principle indicates that individuals grow and achieve fulfillment in a community setup. As a result, their social life is greatly influenced by their relationship with other individuals in the community. Giving of wrong or inadequate information to people in the society violates this moral principle. This is because it is an exploitation of the other people in the society for one’s own benefits. The company in this case study violates this moral principle by giving wrong or inadequate information in its advertisements. Children below a certain age are not allowed to make major decisions about their lives. Parents or guardians are the ones who are supposed to make decisions on their behalf. The other moral principle relevant for this case study is treatment of every individual in the society with honor and dignity he/she deserves. Advertising to little children below the age of twelve is failing to treat them with dignity and honor. This is because children are not able to make good decisions related to their health. Therefore, advertising foods to them is like taking advantage of their state and position. This is contrary to the requirements of the Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Moreover, it is contrary to the expectations of the society. Therefore, this is a moral principle that is frequently violated by organizations like

Critically Acclaimed Supreme Court Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critically Acclaimed Supreme Court Cases - Essay Example One of the most critically acclaimed Supreme Court cases, that supported the rights of citizens against unwarranted searches, a right is given to citizens by the 14th Amendment. This issue initiated as a New Jersey student was found smoking in the bathroom. When caught, the student refrained from confessing and then her locker was unlawfully searched and arrested by the principle. Yet, the student’s 4th Amendment rights were exploited. The question remained, do students have the same 4th Amendment rights as other citizens? Does the school, a government institute has to follow the idea of â€Å"reasonable and probable cause†? The school administrators insisted that the students violated the school code and have extensive power to discipline the conduct of any student who breaches the code. The defense side of T.L.O argued that administrators cannot act as parents and our employees. Hence, they cannot breach the privacy and must respect students’ rights. In a heate d debate, the court favored the student by stating that schools must be obligated to follow the 4th amendment and are limited by the Constitution. Yet, the rights of young students are not the same as adults. The school can initiate searches but must have solid evidence to rationalize their cause. This is critical as many students are not susceptible to random locker checks as it would violate their rights. It protects the students of their privacy, but at the same time gives them some leeway to engage in illegal activity.

Human Resources And Organisational Development Essay

Human Resources And Organisational Development - Essay Example The company undertook aggressive expansion strategy by establishing budget clothing stores in malls and purchasing chains of travel agents. The company also created the â€Å"Montague† in honor of the founder of the company. 80 percent of the income was from the grocery business. Later, Mercury Consolidated acquired Smith’s and installed new managers with the objective of out competing Allworld Foods. Mercury Consolidated had initially embarked on similar strategies in New Zealand, France and South Africa. Allworld depended on other business lines like clothing, Montagues and travel to buffer the revenues when grocery business was declining. Smith’s ne management implemented new product mix and streamlined operations. Smith’s ventured in new markets Generation Y and Generation X. Within two years, Allworld dividends declined and employees expressed a lot of grievances with the management. Shareholders raised concerns of the remuneration of the management. According to the CEO, Lily Chambers, new a cultural shift was needed and was only possible to start at the top. The paper will discuss the need of changes in the organisational culture and processes in order to survive in the changing external environment. The paper will also analyze the current culture of Allworld and the desired culture. Lastly, the paper will offer recommendations that should be implemented in order to attain competitive strength and market share in the industry. Current organisational culture and desired organisational culture There are numerous reasons that may lead to failure of organisational market share. The decline in the market share can be... This report stresses that the CEO will then have to remove all the obstacles to the cultural changes. For instance, a review of performance evaluation methods, job descriptions and remuneration methods will assist in removing the hu8man obstacles to the cultural changes. The next step will involve creating short term wins. The short term wins are early indicators of the organisational cultural changes. The CEO should set time frames for the short term wins that could be like within a year. The early targets should be easy to achieve and may include low employee absenteeism. The management should then build on the short term win in order to ensure total organisational cultural changes. New product development and creativity should be the defining culture of Allworld. This essay makes a conclusion that the management of Allworld has relied on traditional aggressive pricing and advertising strategies to stay competitive in the market. There is evidence of poor management practices and lack of planning. Allworld lacks a contingency plan that can enable the company to effectively respond to urgent changes in the market. The management should change the values, assumptions and beliefs of the organisational culture. Scanning of the environment will enable Allworld to understand the competitive strengths and strategies of all the competitors. Allworld should conduct research on the changing customer needs since customers are no longer attracted to the low pricing strategy.

The story of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The story of Romeo and Juliet Essay The story of Romeo and Juliet is not only about love, and fate, but its also about the troubles and obstacles you must face in the meaning of love. A lot of people say theyll do anything for love, but when It comes right down to it, not many people would be willing to give up their lives for the one person who means the world to them. Romeo and Juliet were meant to be together. They were destined for each other and fate kept them connected for as long as it could. The second Romeo and Juliet laid eyes on each other there was love. My only love sprung from my only hate. Romeo said those words because he knew their families would not allow this. In my opinion, the worst kind of love, is love unspoken of. Romeo and Juliet had to keep their passion for each other very quiet, so that only a few close friends would know. In the end destiny brings them back to each other. Even after all of the troubles life has put upon them, their bodies lie next to one another. Like I said, Romeo and Juliet had some major obstacles to encounter. Romeo and Juliets families were complete enemies. This made it very hard for the two to ever talk or have time to spend with each other. When Romeo was waiting upon his letter from Juliet with information on their marriage there was a big commotion causing Romeos best friends death. Romeo then killed Juliets cousin, the one who killed his best friend because of anger. Once everyone was reveled about what had happened Romeo was sent away. This made things extremely complicated for the two of them, but some how they managed to be married. If you feel enough for another person, its plain to see sometimes theres nothing this world can do to keep you away from them. Unfortunately, fate has its flaws. Romeo and Juliet were meant for each other, by reading the story you know that. But you also know that it could never happen for them. Because of the love those two had for each other it caused both of them to kill themselves just to be with the other one. Love should never be this tragic. Everyone deserves a chance and it doesnt matter how different people can be, what matters is the love they share together, and in life that bond can never be broken. In my opinion its much easier to fall in love, then to fall out. Its much easier to hold on, then to forget and its much easier to be strong, then to let go. If you love someone you cant just let it by, you need to grab a hold of it and try giving it a chance. Everyone gets hurt once or twice in their lives but thats the joy of the journey. But just never let go of something that means more to you then the world because youll never have that feeling again.

The Benefits Of Robotic Assisted Surgery Information Technology Essay

The Benefits Of Robotic Assisted Surgery Information Technology Essay Approaches to prostatecetomy include traditional open surgery, conventional laparoscopic surgery or robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. With traditional prostate cancer surgery, the incision is between eight to ten inches long and patients usually remain in the hospital up to five days after surgery. In addition, patients are catheterized for two to three weeks, and there is a risk of side effects. Minimally invasive, robotic-assisted prostate cancer surgery allows for small incisions, less blood loss and reduced recovery time. Preservation of the nerves necessary for erections can be an extremely important goal for patients. These nerves run alongside the prostate and are often damaged when removing the prostate. A nerve-sparing, robotic prostatectomy attempts to preserve these nerves so that the patient may be able to return to his prior erectile function. How does robotic prostatectomy work? The da Vinci Surgical System is a state-of-the-art surgical robot that gives surgeons more precise views of the prostate and surrounding tissue, as well as greater dexterity. The system uses miniature instruments to perform the procedure. A surgeon controls the robot from a remote console that precisely translates his hand, wrist and finger movements to the robotic arms inside the patient while providing a three-dimensional view of those movements. With the robot, the surgeon makes five keyhole openings rather than the single large incision made during a traditional open prostatectomy. These small openings result in less pain, and a shorter hospital stay. Patients who undergo robotic assisted surgery usually leave the hospital within two days, and some are able to return to normal activities within two weeks after the procedure. Using the robot, the surgeon removes the prostate and surrounding pelvic lymph nodes (if indicated) through the small openings. Patient benefits may include: Smaller surgical incisions of one inch or less Less intraoperative blood loss and need for blood transfusion Reduced postoperative pain and discomfort Shorter hospital stay (two days) Shorter catheter duration (seven to 10 days) Faster overall recovery Robots surgery advantages B: http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/00760/Advantages%20of%20Robotic%20Surgery.htm Robots in the field of surgery have dramatically changed the procedures for the better. The most significant advantage to Robotic Surgery to the patient is the decrease in pain and scaring. By using cameras and enhanced visual effects, doctors can make the tinniest of incisions. The da Vinci and Zeus system each use arms to operate. In order for these arms to get inside the body and operate, they only need a few centimeters for an incision. In fact The San Matteo Hospital in Pavia, Italy performed a Cardiac Bypass surgery that included three incisions, each about one centimeter in length. Typically in that type of surgery the incision is about 30 centimeters in length. The smallness of the incisions also causes many other advantages that make Robotic Surgery worth the risk. Due to the small and precise cuttings, the patents hospital stay is greatly reduced. A person needs far less recovery time when they have 3-centimeter scars then when they have a scar almost 10 times as large. Also, the risk of infection or complications decreases as the incision size does. The patient mentioned earlier with the Closed Heart Bypass surgery is a terrific example. After his surgery, he was cleared by his surgeon Dr. Mauro Rinaldi and released from the hospital after only 12 hours of recovery. The next week he was actually able to join his family on a vacation.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides the obvious rewards to the patient, Robotic Surgery is also very advantageous to the surgeon and hospital. In the ZEUS Surgical System, an arm on the machine is dedicated to the Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP). AESOP is a 3D camera used in robotic surgery. It can be zoomed in by either voice activation or pedals located at the surgeons foot. Doctors who have used this actually argue that AESOP gives a better image than in real life. This is particularly true with surgeons that have poor vision or in microscopic surgerys that deal with nerves. Also, by using the hand controls the surgeons can reach places in the body that are normally unreachable by the human hand. Finally, the clearest advantage to using robots in surgery is in long operations, particularly ones that deal with nerve or tissue reconstruction. Surgeons often tire easily after performing microscopic surgerys that last hours. However, by having the ability to be seated and have less strain on the eyes, doctors can control their natural flinching or nerves more efficiently. Robots surgery disadvantages C: http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2004_Groups/Group02/Group%2002%20Website/robodisadvan.htm Robotic surgery is a new technology, so its uses and efficacy have not been fully determined. Consequently, there are not many extensive long-term studies on the procedure to confirm or deny its effectiveness. There are, however, prominent disadvantages to robotics, including time, cost, efficiency, and compatibility with current systems. Time Robotic assisted heart surgery can take nearly twice the amount of time that a typical heart surgery takes, but this is variable depending on the surgeons expertise and practice with the equipment. In a longer surgery, the patient is under anesthesia for longer and it costs more to staff the procedure. Cost At this early stage in the technology, the robotic systems are very expensive. It is possible that with improvements in technology and more experience gained by surgeons the cost will fall. Others believe that with these improvements in technology the systems will become more complicated and the costs will rise. Another issue with costs is the problem with upgrading the systems as they improve. Only when these systems gain more widespread multidisciplinary use the costs will become more justified. Efficiency and Compatibility Another disadvantage is the large size of the system in an overcrowded-operating room. The robotic arms are awkward and bulky and there are many instruments needed in the small space. For robotic-assisted beating heart surgery, the space is even smaller because stabilizers are needed. For surgeons, this cramped area can interfere with their dexterity. There are two possible suggestions for improving this problem, however both are costly. Some suggest miniaturizing the robotic arms and instruments while others believe that larger operating rooms are needed. With either solution, robotics is an especially expensive new technology. Another disadvantage is that current operating room instruments and equipment are not necessarily compatible with the new robotic systems. Without the correct equipment, tableside assistance is needed to perform part of the surgery. There are also concerns about using a static model for beating heart surgery and concerns about technical glitches that might occur during the surgery. In Comparison to Standard Techniques Dr. Michael Argenziano at New York Presbyterian Hospital said that on average, the robotic-assisted heart surgeries costs $2,000 more per operation, but in the end, the costs come out even because the patients recover sooner with the robotic procedure. He also noted that money was saved on nursing care and pain medications. With time and improvements in technology, these disadvantages will hopefully be remedied. If not, then it is possible that the advantages of these systems will not justify their cost. D: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing Whats video conferencing? A videoconference or video conference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called visual collaboration and is a type of groupware. Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls in that its designed to serve a conference rather than individuals. It is an intermediate form of video telephony, first deployed commercially by ATT during the early 1970s using their Picture phone technology. E: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website Whats a website? A website (also spelled Web site; officially styled website by the AP Stylebook) is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL), often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address, and the root path (/) in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network. F: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Top-Advantages-Of-Video-Conferencingid=282728 Video conferencing advantages Videoconferencing is rapidly gaining in popularity, and its hardly surprising. Basically, videoconferencing allows people to communicate in real time, no matter where they are located. It can be as few as two people, or it can be thousands. The participants can hold a meeting or conference, compare charts and generally do everything they could do if they were all in the same room together. This is all done via audio and video transmission through the wonders of the internet. The list of advantages gained from using videoconferencing is long, but here are a few of the main advantages. The most obvious advantage is the enormous savings involved when people dont need to travel. An average business trip usually involves at least one night spent in another place, and costs incurred include flights, transport, meals, accommodation, entertainment, and the list goes on. If you need ten people at a meeting, and add together all the costs involved, the total is staggering. Remember, too, that not only is travel costly, it takes time. So those ten executives have to take two days out of their busy schedule, for example, to attend a half-day meeting at head office. With videoconferencing, they can allocate the half-day, and spend the other day and a half doing productive work in their office. Using videoconferencing provides big savings in both money and time. G: http://www.tkoworks.com/video-conferencing/outsourcing.html Video conferencing disadvantages Months may be required to enable video conferencing capability within a large organization; this is including time required for designing the network and installing video conferencing equipment. Initial cost of equipment is higher than if an outside service organization were used. Using conference rooms for video conferences makes sense from a facilities perspective but this can cause video systems to be underutilized. Normally, in an organization, most meetings and conference room use are for local business without a need to communicate with other facilities or locations. Therefore, video equipment investment can be stranded during every day normal use of conference rooms for local meetings. Many organizations assign a central staff to run a video conference network without considering the needs of each remote site. Video conferencing requires at least two locations, each with its own system, network, conference or meeting room and operating instructions. Each location, therefore, normally should have a skilled operator of video systems to assist users in getting a conference started and keeping it running. Few organizations are willing to expend the funds to ensure each endpoint is staffed with a skilled technician and so this skill deficit can cause conference failures in some locations, particularly those that turn systems off daily or reboot frequently. Industry manufacturers understand this common problem and are providing software tools and remote management capability with the latest video conference equipment to allow for remote management of systems. Therefore, a well-run network requires either skilled personnel at each endpoint or some form of remote management in order to ensure systems operate well. Some combination of both is usually required to attain high levels of video network up time. H: Whats internet? The Internet, sometimes called simply the Net, is a worldwide system of computer networks a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers. It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. AO2 USE RESOURCES: CHOSEN RESOURCES I chose NO RESOURCE REASON A The Benefits of Robotic Assisted Surgery I chose this information from the website because it explain clearly How does robotic prostatectomy work? B C Is technology good or bad? Introduction In this project Ill be talking about, whats technology and if technology is good or bad? The main question that I have chosen for my project is: Is technology good or bad? I will carry out my research using the three research method. I will explore internet, study different books and watch videos to discover more information on different peoples opinions on my questions. In this project Ill be concentrating on the good of using technology and the bad of using it. What is technology? Technology is a human innovation that has been developing from generation to generation, however technology is used to solve problems and make life easier to live such as computers, robots, airplanes, cars and phones etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. My objective in the end of this project is to understand and give a clear description of technology, why the people argue technology is good and the ethers argue technology is bad, what the good side of technology is and what the bad side of technology is. Is technology good? I think that technology is good and helps a lot in the daily life. Its used to discover and make life easier such as cars, airplanes, trains they help to travel from long distance and in short time, phones helps to communicate at any time and with the people around the world. Computers are used in education, creations, designing and also used in health sector all this technology helps to go forward in our life. Robots are used in the heath sector Whats robot surgery? Robot surgery is one of the advanced technologies available in this time been, it has been designed for operations. The (da Vinci) robotic system allows the precision, dexterity and control of traditional open surgery but requires only 1-2 cm incisions, decreased healing time, robots are used for hearts surgery with out opening patients chest. The benefits of this robot for patients are less complication, less pain, save time and faster recovery. The advantages of robots surgery Robots have change and helped a lot in the field of surgery. The most advantage of robots surgery for patients is pain, scaring and faster recovery by using cameras and enhanced visual effects, doctors can make the tinniest of incisions. The (da Vinci) and Zeus system each use three arms to operate. In order for these arms to get inside the body and operate, they only need a few centimetres for an incision. These robots have more advantages and benefits for users (doctors) and patients for example: Lower risk infection Shorter hospital stay Less blood loss and fewer transfusions Can zoom with camera and gives better image then in real life by using the hand controls the surgeons can reach places in the body that are normally unreachable by the human hand Faster recovery and return to normal daily activities Robots surgery disadvantages They are several disadvantages of these Robots surgeries such as cost; cost is one of the biggest disadvantages of these robots with the price of one million dollars. Some believe with the improvement in technology and as more experience is gained with robotic systems the price will fall. Another disadvantage of these robots systems is their size. Both systems have relatively large footprints and relatively cumbersome robotic arms. This is an important an important disadvantage because operating rooms are already crowded with the surgical team. It may be difficult for surgical and robots to fit in the operating room. And another disadvantage is the time. Robotic assisted heart surgery can take nearly twice the amount of time that a typical heart surgery takes, but this is variable depending on the surgeons expertise and practice with the equipment. How technology helps in business Technology is increasing and developing to make life easier to live it helped and still helping our daily life for example business. In business people used to travel to go for meetings and now most of businesses use video conferencing, in terms of airfares for staff. It saves time spent in travelling and money. Video conferencing Whats video conferencing? Video conferencing allows people to communicate in real time, no matter where they are located. It can be as few as two people, or it can be thousands. Its basically integrates users as if they were in the same room. Each user needs a web cam, computer, microphone, and internet broadband connection. Its usually used in businesses, healthcare, education ECT. Advantages of video conferencing Meet with people in remote locations without incurring travel expenses or other expenses associated with face to face communication Save time and money especially in business in terms of airfares for staff, night spent in another place, and costs incurred include flights, transport, meals, accommodation, entertainment ect.. Connect and see more than 11, 12 or even a thousand in the same time. Video conferencing disadvantages Takes time to design the network and install video conferencing equipment Expensive equipments Can cause video systems to be underutilized Skilled technician to keep video conferencing running. Turn the system daily can cause conference failures in some locations. Internet Whats internet? Internet is basically an electronic communication network that enables computers of all kinds to share information with permission and communicates directly. Internet advantages Studying ( make researches) Online banking Online shopping Publish information on your own website Have a conversations in chat rooms Send an email Apply for job Read a news papers Watch movies Make airplane reservation Get a direction and draw a map Socialising with the people around the world Internet disadvantages Personal information (your personal information such as your name, address, etc.) Pornography (especially for young children they are thousands of pornography websites that can be easily to get access into it) Internet addiction Hacking, get viruses Isolation from family and freinds

Schizophrenia :: Health, Mental Disorder

Schizophrenia is a degenerative mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek roots schizen â€Å"to split† and phren â€Å"mind† so it is referred to as a as a â€Å"split-mind disease.† Eugen Bleuler diagnosed the first case of schizophrenia in 1908, but Auguste Morel had characterized the disease over 40 years earlier in 1860 (Wikipedia 109). Characteristics of schizophrenia include positive and negative symptoms that manifest in very different ways. The positive symptoms include psychotic behavior such as auditory hallucinations and delusions as well as disorganized characteristics such as paranoid affect and a disordered thought process. On the other hand, negative symptoms signify a loss of normal activity and can include social withdrawal, flat affect, and psychomotor retardation (103 lecture). Having schizophrenia can result in average decrease in life expectancy of 12-15 years (due to its associati on with secondary side affects (wiki 2). Studies now show that schizophrenia has a global lifetime prevalence of around 1-2%, and accounts for up to half of all psychiatric inpatients (103 lecture). The debilitating effects of Schizophrenia usually results in a poor quality of life for the millions of people who suffer from the disease, so it is of the utmost importance to investigate its causes and potential treatments. Many brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basil ganglia, and the cerebellum have been implicated as potential sources of schizophrenia’s affects (103 lecture). It has been hypothesized that the medications used to treat Schizophrenia work to restore the neural conductivity and activity to the region of affect by restoring proper neurotransmitter function. Current treatment of Schizophrenia utilizes atypical antipsychotics, such as Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozaril (Clozapine), and Risperdal (Resperidone) (Schizophrenia.com). These medications have contributed significantly to the study of Schizophrenia and are now the primary basis by which researchers study the neurological effects of the disease. Many major neurotransmitter systems such as Serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine (DA), and Glutamate (NMDA) have now been implicated in Schizophrenia and it is possible that complex interactions between these systems lead to the neurological effects of the disease. This paper will prim arily focus on the Serotonin neurotransmitter system, with respect to the 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. The 5-HT2a Receptor While the cause of schizophrenia is largely unknown there is evidence that it is a result of abnormal brain pharmacology. The role of the 5-HT receptors in schizophrenia has come to light in the past few decades when it was found that the new generation of antipsychotics (referred to as atypical antipsychotics) act as potent 5-HT2a receptor antagonists relative to the antagonistic effect on dopamine receptors (Herbert Y.

The Assassin- Creative Writing Essay -- Creative Writing Essay

It was almost 6 o’clock and the night was drawing closer. Waiting patiently for the return of his prey, he lay with his body embedded in the fallen leaves of what looked like an endless procession of hedges. The silence was deafening. He had been there for almost three hours, and only one car had passed by, it was going to be a long night for him. The skies were casting a dark, unwanted shadow over him, as though they knew for what purpose he was present. It had started to rain, its pressure strengthening rapidly. Within minutes buckets of rain belted down hard on the ground, leaving him deeply embedded in the thick garden mud. He struggled to reposition himself, as the slightest of his movements could attract attention to the bush in which he was concealed. His concentration doubled as another set of headlights busted through the trees and peered at him through the rain but again they carried on the road accompanied by the sound of its engine. It must have been a van, he thought, as he could still hear the roar of the engine. He raised his rifle, and took a concentrated look at the house, in order to make an accurate shot. The house was a small detached bungalow in a state of disrepair; belonging to a middle-aged lady, afraid of the outdoors. The curtains were drawn, and the nets were extremely discoloured. Strangulating vines of ivy twisted and turned round the house, clenching it tightly in its possession.Through this tangled mass of plants a shed protruded from the ground, unlike the house the rain highlighted its wooden walls and bounced neatly off its glassed windows but the roof had seen better days and a glance through an... ...er. His body relaxed. She lifted her bag, her position made her a perfect target-just a single bullet. His arm was raised. His finger poised on the trigger, ready to strike. He fired. The shot killed her with a revolting wound to the back of the head. Her body crumpled to the ground. Within minutes her body was drained of blood. She lay there motionless. One push of the trigger, and her world had been snatched from her. I wasted not my valuable minutes and swiftly concealed all indications of my presence. Before taking my leave I took one last look at her. The remnants of her brain poured out of her head endlessly. It was a sight to see. Who would have ever believed that this blood-spattered corpse would make me a million pounds richer? So precious was her life to her, and others, that somebody wanted her dead!

Video Games in Popular Culture: an Exposition Essay -- Violent Gaming

Imagine for a moment, a world of death. For 200 years your family has been sealed away with a thousand other people, to protect you from the dangers outside. Now your father has disappeared, and it’s up to you to find him. After a harrowing escape from your subterranean home, you walk through a tunnel to the outside world, past dead bodies, stretched out in front of the door, as if to say â€Å"don’t leave us out here to die!† As you walk through the gate to the outside, and as your eyes slowly adjust to the sun you have never seen, a wasteland emerges before you. The world is devastated, destroyed and annihilated. Broken twisted hunks of metal lie next to a sign on the side of the mountain saying â€Å"scenic overlook† on your right, the broken remains of the interstate bridge stand as a monument to a destroyed culture. Petrified trees are all that remains of the local fauna. Off in the distance, all that remains is destruction. While you may think of this stunning visualization of a wonderful novel, this is actually one of the opening scenes from Todd Howard and Bethesda Game Studios’ â€Å"Fallout 3.† An examination of videogames in popular culture is a complicated one. There is a large debate as to what is the very first video game. The supposed earliest known video game was created by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann on a cathode ray tube in 1947. The game was a missile simulator similar to radar displays from World War II, and overlaid sheets of paper were used for targets since graphics were unknown at this time. On May 5, 1951, the NIMROD computer was presented in Britain. It used a panel of lights for its display and was used to play a game called â€Å"NIM†. Later, in 1952, Alexander S. Douglas made the first compu... ...lieve that video games in popular culture are a misnomer. Videogames are not â€Å"in† popular culture, they are â€Å"a part of† popular culture, just like TV, radio, and motion pictures. Bibliography 1.) Kutner, Lawrence Ph.D. and Cheryl K. Olson, Sc.D. Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth About Violent Video Games and What Parents Can Do . 1st. Simon & Schuster, 2008. 2.) "2008 SALES, DEMOGRAPHIC AND USAGE DATA." www.theesa.com. Jul/2008. Entertainment Software Association. 2 Nov 2008 . 3.) Hillis, Scott . "Video games don't create killers, new book says." Reuters UK 09May2008 2 Nov 2008 . 4.) "History of video games." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 2001. 2 Nov 2008 .

Us Compared to Germany

I chose to compare the United States (U. S. ) healthcare system with Germany. I chose Germany because I know very little about this country, especially its healthcare system. The biggest difference I noted  is  that Germany has a universal healthcare system, whereas the U. S. does not. The people of Germany contribute 8% of their  earnings towards healthcare. The top 10% who make  more than $72,000 a year pay more for health coverage, but receive  more prompt and extra services (Lanier, 2008).Another difference I noted is that in Germany, there is no discrimination  when it comes to certain illness and  age (Lanier, 2008). The heath coverage covers  everyone no matter how sick or old they are. In  America, chronically ill individuals, at times, find it hard to  find an insurance company to  accept them. When they do, the coverage is usually at a much higher rate than  that of a  younger, healthier person. In Germany, there is quicker access to care.There is no long waiting period for surgery or procedures and it does not take weeks or months to see a physician like in the U. S. (Lanier, 2008). Many assume that there would be a longer waiting period in a country that has universal healthcare, but this isn't the case in Germany. America has the most costly healthcare system in the world, yet underperforms compared to many other countries including Germany (Davis, 2007). Some of the areas that the U. S. ranks last on are access, safety, and efficiency.Germany spends less on healthcare, yet performs higher in these areas. Davis, K. (2007, may 15). Mirror, mirror on the wall: an international update on the comparative performance of american health care. Retrieved from http://www. commonwealthfund. org/Content/Publications/Fund-Reports/2007/May/Mirror–Mirror-on-the-Wall–An-International-Update-on-the-Comparative-Performance-of-American-Healt. aspx Lanier, S. (2008, July 29). Healthcare: germany vs america. Retrieved from http: //www. health-insurance-carriers. com/blog/health-care-germany-vs-america/

Comparing Health Care Systems: The United States and Cuba Essay

For m any(prenominal) days, the wellness cope in the linked effected the best that any country had to poke bring out (University of Maine, two hundred1). further when as the facts would t block off to display, it is lento becoming whizz of the most unable(p) in the world (Maine, 2001). The join States wellness pity governance may splatter itself of macrocosm in the category of being the most expensive in the world, pith a dearth of re lineages for the anxiety it delivers (Reed Abelson, 2008). al whizz the disparity in the amount that the muckle spend and the quality of the service of process devoted to that hail is seemingly not par eit here(predicate)l of latitude to each early(a) (Abelson, 2008).A decl ar released on the fall in States wellness disturbance dodging shows that the country is spending near twice the amount on the wellness armorial bearing needs of its citizens is comp ard to that of the expenditures of other develop nations (Ab elson, 2008). merely if the prices of wellness alimony in the unify States, the country is listed at the lavatory of countries that in the mortality of sight if hard-boiled with efficient medical safeguard (Abelson, 2008). This is a growing concern cross looks the accessible spectrum of the fall in States (Meena Seshamani, Jeanne Ambrew & Joseph Antos, 2008). The amount that the coupled States spends annually on wellness rail tutelage is au thentically staggering.In 2006, the join States spent $2. 1 trillion on wellness dole out work al bingle, double what the country allot a decade back and round half of that is targeted in nine years time (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). The United States currently ranks as the third largest nation in the world, with a population of slightly 294 million (Samuel Uretsky, 2008). Of this number, it is believed that most 75 million Ameri s alsoges realize pitiful medical damages or do not have damages all told (Abelson, 20 08). It was overly found that the quality and the determineants footing of wellness rush greatly varies across the societal spectrum (Abelson, 2008).These be drain the funds of American businesses, which in turn digest a quarter of the capital for health care needs (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). The costs to employers in terms of contribution to the health care fund increased by a staggering 98 per centum in the span of seven years- from 2000 to last year, which outstripped the increases in remuneration by four to angiotensin converting enzyme (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). In 2007, the cost of employee-based insurance policy cost intimately $12,000, nearly twinned the wages for minimum wage employment (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008).Adding to the consign of heights insurance payments is the fact that these have to be paid with higher service and deductions (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). This make out alike has an impact on the senior citizens of the United States (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). Elderly Americans, in the current scenario, have to accumulate meet nearly $300,000 dollars in non-Medicare bounce back health costs (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). These costs have contributed to the access of health care by many Americans (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008).Citizens who are covered by employer-based health insurance in 2006 fell five portion, from 66 percent to about 61 percent in the six-year period preceding 2006 (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008). But how is health insurance in the United States given? The United States offers a sort of avenues of health insurance coverage two from unexclusive funds and from the private orbit (Uretsky, 2008). In a history released by the United States Census Bureau in 2003, it found that about 6 out of constantlyy 10 Americans were covered by employer-based health insurance, about 3 of the 10 from the presidency, and the remainder with no insurance (Uretsky, 2008).In 2001, it was found that the United States spent ofttimes of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) than any other essential nation in the world (Uretsky, 2008). For that period, America spent much than 13. 9 percent of its GDP, compared to Japan, which spent about 7. 8 percent Canada, 9. 4 percent and the United Kingdom, 7. 6 percent (Uretsky, 2008). It should be interesting to note that even if the United States outpaced Japan in terms of health care spending, the United States ranks just twenty-fourth in the world for life forethought (Uretsky, 2008).Life expectancy in the United States is about 70 years old, trance the valedictorian on the list, Japan, comes in at about 74. 5 years for its citizens (Uretsky, 2008). Memberships in life insurance and access to seemly health care have been shown to go away together (Devi Sridhar, 2005). The availability of health insurance is essential to instances and times that people would be able to rely on medical care in relation to the b oilers suit health of the person (Sridhar, 2005). Lack of addressable health insurance willing prefer a toll on a persons physical upbeat (Sridhar, 2005).The individual will not be able to go to medical facilities for hitch medical manipulation, fill out prescriptions, and will likely be receiving that medical treatment in the latter stages of a affection (Sridhar, 2005). Unlike the United States, Cuba, on the other hand, is not prone to the failures of the private and public fund problems found in the United States (Harvard Public Health Review, 2002). Cuban governing exercise complete administrative, budgetary, and operational indebtedness for the delivery of health care run for all its citizens (Harvard, 2002).The Cuban health care model is purely derived from the government, defining it as a public health care brass seeking to tolerate customary health care coverage for all Cubans (Oxford Journals, 2008). It has been seen as a model of matching few available resourc es with the needs of the people in getting adequate medical care, often getting extremely high marks (Oxford, 2008). Compared to other developed nations, the United States has the distinction of being the only one that does not nominate the availability of planetary health care to its citizens (John Battista and Justine McCabe, 1999).In the developed world, it is found that 28 of the industrialized nations figure a whizz- payer arranging, while Germany forms a multi-payer clay akin to the proposed placement of the chairman Clinton (Battista, McCabe, 1999). This would lead most ob comers to take a second look at the health care dodge of the United States (Battista, McCabe, 1999). In the analysis of the American health system, it is total to debunk many of the fallacies and errors that have been around the effective and quality of the United States system of health (Battista, McCabe, 1999).The United States, though having one of the best health professionals and an excepti onal system of delivery and technology, still lags behind some of the industrial worlds health system (Battista, McCabe, 1999). In fact, if several factors in health care statistics are considered, the report card for the United States is a glum failure (Battista, McCabe, 1999). Several of these factors would evidence how the system of health care in the United States has failed to give an improving system to its citizens. In 1960, America ranked 12th in terms of infant mortality (Battista, McCabe, 1999).In 1990, the United States ranked 21st in the world, settling at 23rd in recent times (Battista, McCabe, 1999). A primaeval issue in the United States health system is the issue of ecumenic health care. A current misconception of arguing against the thoughtfulness of universal health care is the preventive costs associated with it (Battista, McCabe, 1999). The opponents for the policy of a single payer system are of the tactile sensation that institutionalizing the policy aver s that the country king end up pay too much (Battista, McCabe, 1999).In fact, the United States is already paying about 40 percent more than any other country in health care spending per capita (Battista, McCabe, 1999). cardinal of the top priorities currently in the orbit of health care are the ever increasing costs in the grooming of health and the decreasing levels of access to health care (Sridhar, 2005). This fact is continuing to moil a wedge between those that can afford to provide for their health care needs and those that can ill-afford to purchase or do not have the convey and the opportunity to be covered by insurance (Sridhar, 2005).This problem of individuals not covered by the health care system in the United States is expected to dilate also to affect the insured patients (Sridhar, 2005). The issue seems to be in how the universal system of health care would operate (Sridhar, 2005). umpteen opponents of the policy are criticizing the system as an added layer of the bureaucracy and might pass in the centralization of the health care system (Sridhar, 2005). But the current practice of Americans in purchasing their health-care needs might be more expensive than the supplying for universal health care (Sridhar, 2005).At present, and as mentioned earlier, Americans are covered by health insurance in terce ways it is a benefit to workers and retirees, through and through government programs and the purchase of non-government insurance (Uretsky, 2008). But is the electric resistance to the universal, or single-payer, heath insurance system justified? The main opposition as again mentioned is the cost of the system (Battista, McCabe, 1999). In addition to the seeming overspending of Americans on health care, the institutionalization of the single payer system could means savings (Battista, McCabe, 1999).According to studies do by the Congressional Budget king and the General Accounting office, it shows that with the practice of the single -payer system, the United States can accumulate $100 to $200 billion a year in health care savings, with the coverage expanding to cover uninsured individuals and improving the quality of services offered (Battista, McCabe, 1999). The Cuban Health System do do with less, and then some As mentioned earlier, the health care system of Cuba is alone run and operated by the government (Seshamani, Ambrew & Antos, 2008).This health care system provides not only diagnostic procedures, but also preventive, alterative and ameliorative treatments for the people of Cuba (Harvard, 2002). The Cuban health system is also distinguished as the one possessing the highest ratio in terms of people to doctors (The London School of political economy and Political Science, 2003). These health practitioners are dexterous in the countrys 21 medical educational facilities (London, 2003). In turn, the family physicians, as they are called, 20,000 of them, are tasked to administer the health care system of the Cuban government, one family physician to about 600 people (London, 2003).It should also be noted that these achievements in the palm of health acre by the government in Havana have been done in the presence of an economic embargo oblige by the United States since 1961 (Harvard, 2002). The embargo tramp severe restrictions on the ability of Cuba to source out funding for its health car initiatives (Harvard, 2002). Since these sanctions covered even the importation and feed items and medical supplies, the Cuban government salutary a system of preventive resume as a means to cushion the impact of the embargo (Harvard, 2002).In essence, the family physicians, at least in epidemiological terms, serve their fellow Cubans in the best way that they know how (London, 2003). Not only do the family physicians provide excellent preventive care, they also make it a point to provide treatment and diagnostics to prevent the approach of diseases upon the people (London, 2003). These f amily physicians are usually stationed in the nations consultorios, or bantam clinics situated in small neighbourhoods that they are assigned to. These doctors usually reside in the space above the clinic or just nearby (The Social Medicine Portal, 2006).These physicians attend to the patients who come in the morning to the clinic, then set out in the good afternoon for home visitation for patients who are unable to come to the clinic (Social Medicine, 2006). For complicated and more ticklish cases, the people can go a facility called a polyclinic (Social Medicine, 2006). These polyclinics, numbering about 400 scattered throughout the nation, act upon similar to a hospitals outpatient department (Social Medicine, 2006). Some outpatient procedures are administered here in the polyclinic, but the facility is generally geared for consultation sessions with specialists (Social Medicine, 2006).Also, acupuncture, physical therapy sessions and ultrasonography procedures are conducted in the facility (Social Medicine, 2006). This is the scratch level of health care in the island nation the second tier of care being administered by local and regional health care facilities (Social Medicine, 2006). The Cuban health system is one that can be characterized as an undivided, cohesive and devolved system that caters to the health and well-being of the people (Francisco Rojas Ochoa & Leticia Artiles Visbal, 2007).Also, the proper to universal health care is guaranteed as a responsibility of the government under quick Cuban jurisprudence (London, 2003). In unrelenting contrast to the Cuban guarantee of the right to free and adequate health care for its citizens, the United States does not obligate the government to deliver universal health care to is people as one of their rights as citizens of the United States (Battista, McCabe, 1999). This resiliency and dedication of Cuba to provide for its citizens was also seen as one of the reasons that health care delivery was not too affected by the economic crisis in the 1990s (Oxford, 2008).

9/11 Conspiracies Essay

On folk 11th, 2001, Islamic terrorists hijacked four passenger airlines. Two of the planes flew into the jibe towers one plane flew into the Pentagon and the other plane was aimed at Washington D.C., plainly was taken over by passengers on the plane and crashed respectable Shanksville, Pennsylvania. In total, tight 3,000 large number died including 227 civilians on the plane and 19 hijackers. These hijackers were guessd to be under the command of Osama Bin Laden, the head of the terrorist meeting Al Qaeda. How eer, the question of whether these attacks ar truly as the government has portrayed or whether they actu bothy check of a larger scheme to in effect(p)ify contend in Iraq has come into light in up take in years. Many individuals criticize the story told by the national government and create alternate theories that develop rough confusion with the attacks.The roughly popular and convert of these theories is the controlled demolition and die of the twin towers by the federal government. The primary ramp of the political left was the first-year to abrasion the conspiracy theories concerning 9/11. People permit always had a deep scruple of our government. The most convincing of the theories active 9/11 is the strategic situation of bombs in the triple twists to pillow slip a collapse (NewsOne, 2012). When you watch the videos of the collapsing towers, it looks like a controlled demolition kind of of what one would expect from a building just hit by a plane or collapsing from a rouse (Brain, 2013). The buildings collapse in on themselves rather than burning from the bottom up which creates a gargantuan nitty-gritty of skepticism as to the true statement of the story told by the government. So when wad cop aroundthing that doesnt make sense, such as how three buildings collapsed from a kindle, it begs lots of questions (Brain, 2013). This allowed many curious conspirators with an teemingness of time on their hands to snoop some and see what they could possibly find that would better explain the true(a) cause of the collapse of the three buildings, disproving the semi prescribed story expressed by the government.It is also authorized to understand how conspiracy theoristsbuild their case to preserve certain conspiracies. Upon examining the collapse of the join tower, the south tower, and twin towers 7, it is easily determined that the collapse of these three buildings is non only unusual, it is almost unbelievable. No skyscraper has ever collapsed by a put down alone however, on the solar day of the attacks, a blaze took down three break apart towers. It is utmostly improbable that such a discount would take down dickens skyscrapers that stood 110 stories high and an additional building that was never stirred by a plane. These discrepancies grant conspirators a form of credibility that makes their theories believable to many the great unwashed. Although the official story whitethorn seem a bit anomalous, that doesnt inescapably give a reason why people opine it. soils like the Iran-Contra affair with President Reagan and the Watergate Scandal with President Nixon create a deep distrust with many people and their government when such scandals develop that the government and its leaders deliberately mislead or lie to the exoteric. So much so that people a lot look to find things that the government could be lying about or covering up. When conspirators start to gather evidence for their theories, this same process occurs (Brain, 2013). later on discovering scandals involving the federal government, its impossible to trust all of the official stories told by the government. Furthermore, even if the collapse of the north and south towers is believable, the collapse of the third building is passing difficult to believe as it was never touched by a plane. It seems impossible that a building that was never touched by anything except fire would completely collapse i f no tower has ever been completely destroyed by a fire before (911Truth, n.d.).According to Van Romero, an explosives expert and iniquity President of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, in that location had to have been explosives in the building for it to have collapsed in such a demolition-like manner. Additionally, the controlled explosions that were theorized to have taken get in in the towers have been accredited with puffs of dust and dust seen being shot out from the building (Popular Mechanics, 2013). at that place is no way to explain the puffs of dust shoot out of the buildings from a mere fire that caused a collapse of the building without there being an international force of explosions. Because of the suspicious circumstances of the 9/11 event, there must be some amount of skepticism. The government and its leaders are historically crop up to not be above lying to the public from instances likeWatergate and Iran-Contra affair. 9/11 could just as easily be the same way.Without clear answers to these questions the naturalism of an inside short letter is immense and cannot be overlooked. Although there are many who refuse to believe the official story told by the federal government, there are also large quantities of people who do believe the official story. Many people consider the worldly concern Trade Center collapse as a highly unlikely scenario unless additional force was added to tote up the building down. However, others find it extremely difficult to believe that the government would commit such an atrocity and would sort of argue that the structure of the building and widespread handicap from rubble were the main contributors to the collapse of the buildings (Popular Mechanics, 2013). Without solid proof, it is awry(p) to believe a theory that does not have any concomitants or basis for the assertions that it makes. For example, many often believe that even if the terrorist attacks on 9/11 were true, there are still some unreciprocated questions.Conspiracy theorists are quick to draw a link between the 9/11 attacks and the warfare in Iraq claiming it was a justification for invasion as support of it being a government conspiracy. However, this is clear false in that the justification in the encumbrance in Iraq was the risk that Sadam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction meaning that 9/11 was not packed as justification for the war in Iraq. Another reason the notion of inside job is ludicrous is because it would be impossible for all of the media to glossiness over such an event had it been a political conspiracy. There are also no enceinte facts for conspirators to base their theories on meaning there is no reason to believe them.To understand the collapse of the towers it is weighty to understand the structure of the buildings. The twin towers were created using progressive design. It was built with central core columns like most other buildings. However, instead o f reinforcing the columns with fireproof concrete, they decided to lace the columns using a sprayed on form of fire proofing called Passive fire proofing, which was much faster but also less effective (debunking911). This is what allowed the sooty dismiss from the plane to be so deadly. Many people argue that jet burn down is not near hot enough to melt steel, which is actually true. However, jet fuel burns between 800 and 1500 degrees Fahrenheit duration the melting point of steel is around 2750 degrees Fahrenheit. intimately experts agree though that the steel doesnt need to melt for the entire building tocollapse. According to Farid Alfawak-hiri, the of age(p) engineer of the American Institute of Steel plait says that at 1100 degrees Fahrenheit, Steel loses 50 percent of its strength. At 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, Steel is less than 10 percent.This immense awaken can then cause Steel to conk bent and warped which can in turn collapse the entire building (Popular Mechani cs 2013). The first plane crashed into the 94th by means of the 98th floors of the first tower the mho plane crashed into the 78th through 84th floors of the south building. Additionally, there was revile in both of the lobbies of the buildings before the collapse of the two towers. Conspirators make a common claim that the planes could not have caused that much upon to go through over 80 floors to reach the lobby without some sort of explosive material. However, The National institutes of Standards and Technology released a report revealing that the debris of the plane had shredded through the elevator shaft which created an outlet for jet fuel. If the fuel came into contact with any combustible sources, it would straightaway explode causing severe damage.Jet fuel traveling down the elevator shaft would cause extensive damage to the lobby as well. A similar observation as to the cause of the damage in the lobby was noted in the souths building also (Popular Mechanics 2013). This fact illustrates the improbability of explosives being needed to cause a collapse of the skyscrapers. Despite the plethora of convincing theories about the attack of phratry 11th, many people leave behind still continue to remain unconvinced due to the lack of evidence, even if the government was truly knobbed with the collapse of the twin towers. Furthermore, people who dont believe the conspiracies about the twin towers would contend that the actual structure of the building and the intense launching of debris from the crash were the causes to the collapse of the towers, not bombs planted by the government. The lack of factual evidence on the side of the conscripts coupled with the overwhelming evidence that the government was not involved makes it nearly impossible to believe that 9/11 was an inside job.ReferencesBrain, M. (n.d.). How Conspiracy Theories Work. HowStuffWorks. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http//people.howstuffworks.com/conspiracy-theory2.htm guy 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Controlled Demolition Myths organisation Planning. (n.d.). Debunking 9/11 Conspiracy Theories and Controlled Demolition Myths Government Planning. Retrieved February 3, 2014, from http//www.debunking911.com/meeting.htm Popular Mechanics. (n.d.). Debunking the 9/11 Myths peculiar(a) Report The World Trade Center. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http//www.popularmechanics.com/engineering/military/news/debunking-911-myths-world-trade-center Reality Check more Americans are Rethinking 9/11 9/11?. (n.d.). 911Truthorg. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http//www.911truth.org/tag/controlled-demolition/ The 11 almost Compelling 9/11 Conspiracy Theories. (2012, September 11). News One RSS. Retrieved February 2, 2014, from http//newsone.com/742485/the-11-most-compelling-911-conspiracy-theories/

Describe Functions of Management

live of cognizance military soulfulnessnel immunodeficiency virus/ assist focus and society festering pupil promise Runganga Fanuel Pharquior appellation distinguish percentages of education citing pillowcases wariness is the system and coordination of the activities of a handicraft in sound step up to execute awaylined objectives. charge is oft dribble on as a operator of intersection on with autos, materials, and money. t solelyy to the worry guru rotating shaft Drucker (1909-2005), the basal line of locomoteings of circumspection ac knowledge both selling and innovation.Practice of crude c be originates from the sixteenth light speed compute of low-efficiency and failures of trus dickensrthy go-aheads, conducted by the position states military man Sir doubting doubting Thomas to a greater extent (1478-1535). charge consists of the p art failicipation functions of creating somatic form _or_ system of g on the whole overnment and pipe organizing, visualizening, lordly, and centeringal an governing bodys resources in direct to strive the objectives of that policy hold in in to light beam Drucker focus thunder mug be describe as the system of rules and coordination of the activities of an opening in agreement with genuine policies and in exertion of distinctly defined objectives. guidance is frequently dissemble as a reckon of merchandise a enormous with machines, materials and money. peter Drucker (19092005) solicitude is a multi- function organ that manages melody and manages four-in-hands and manages trimers and lock. bloody shame Parker Follet, merely states that circumspection is the art of take aim things do by quite a little. m some(prenominal) scholars who get hold of quite a littlevas focusing substantiate scrape up up with disparate definitions of focus and its functions and some exchangeable Luther Gullick expect condescend up with a contestation f unctions of trouble that overwhelm intendning, organizing, sound out, supplying, co-coordinating, describe contract (PODSCORB).However nigh scholars nonably Koontz and ODonnel be winsome that the most(prenominal) of the essence(predicate) functions of management stand be unawargonsened to tot solelyy five dollar bill videlicet formulatening, organizing plying, directing and controlling. mean involves role out on the nose how to acquire a accompaniment inclination. It gives direction to the cheek and enables four-in-hands to castigate apart strategies to grasp nerveal final stages. Say, for typeface, that the placements goal is to meliorate alliance gross revenue. The theater director first-class honours degree unavoidably to conclude which step atomic number 18 prerequi commit to follow through that goal. These move whitethorn include change magnitude advertising, inventory, and sales issue.These necessity travel ar demonstra ble into a plan. When the plan is in space, the theater director arse take on it to pass the goal of amend smart furbish up sales. provision bath be short destination or gigantic term, and ticks equate enjoyment of tender and non- forgiving resources then helps in minimizing confusion ,risks, wastages and uncertainties. supplying is eventful in anticipate and supply for out of the blue(predicate) inauspicious events by confine casualty mea certainlys in mooring. For example infirmary double-deckers whitethorn acquire an indispensability plan in place to brood things corresponding unhealthiness outbreaks or accidents.Henri Fayol argues that to bone a military control is to depart it with all the unavoidable resources for it to function fully. Organizing is the mathematical operation of bring in concert natural pecuniary and human resources in target to pass on placemental goals. later on a plan is in place, a private instructor call fo r to mould a team and materials restrict to the plan. depute work and granting delegacy atomic number 18 two historic elements of organizing. The system function involves realization of what is so-called to be through with(p), miscellanea of activities, designate of duties, and commissioning of office and authority.An example lavatory be of a upraise manager who is confront with a place chasten with a classify of workers and mevery field and crops to plant. He has to define the sum of work to be consummate over a give goal olibanum organizes his lag into undersized groups distributively with a chief creditworthy for tillage, planting, irrigation and so forth He should go on to earn it off up with a metre gear up when he expects the assigns to be performed and croak that all the resources involve that include seed, fertilizers etc ar in place for the task to be tumesce-bred in time. Staffing is bear on with retention teeming ply levels to extend the constitution well do work all the time.This involves having the pay someone for the pay demarcation and the briny purpose is selecting the right on do person for the ruminate. It power withal involve die hardg learning by organizing on frolic didactics or instruct and train of cater to meet the changing demands of the governing body. afterward a manager discerns his areas motifs, he whitethorn judge to beef cattle up his staffing by recruiting, selecting, training, and exploitation employees. A manager in a great(p) disposal a great deal works with the comp some(prenominal)s human resources segment to implement this goal.An organization aptitude acquire spick-and-span machinery and return into that they emergency vernal members of staff to belong the machine or an organization whitethorn in brief shed light on that their opening move is festering and deprivation more than staff to man its new branches. direct deals in genera l with screen background in effort the doing of people in an organization and is have-to doe with with supervising, motivating, leading, and communicating the goals of the organization to the workers. directive involves supervising how work is done and ensuring staff is drive enough to execute the organisational goals by whirl incentives to en certain workers have a frenzy for work.Managers strength publish that in coiffe to accomplish a task in time on that point is need to work long hr and may take note it fit to provide diet on site and overly bring out incentives for the workers inclined(p) to work overtime. subsequently the different elements are in place, a managers job is not finished. He needs to ceaselessly check results against goals and take any nonindulgent actions obligatory to consume sure that his areas plans go on on track. tell consists of a handle or technique by which instruction keister be issued and trading operations can be c arried out and goals wind as in the beginning planned.Controlling implies ensuring that everything is in treaty with set standardiseds to achieve organizational goals. It involves measuring stick the courtly against the set standards. harmonize to Koontz and ODonnell controlling is the beat and chastening of suffice activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans are accomplished. The process is bear on with establishment of standard performance, beat of certain performance, proportion of true(a) with the set standards and isolate deviations if any and ultimately strict action.The victor of any organization sizeable or smallish hinges on the feeling of its managers and more often than not enterprises run by bad weaponed mangers in cost of knowledge attainment usually operate poorly(predicate) and lastly pick whilst those run by incisive mangers parade and prosper. References 1. Harold Koontz and Cyril ODonnel, Essentials of worry (1976) 2. Henri Fayol, (1841-1925), Principles of anxiety 3. Luther Gullick (1937), knowledge of regime 4. bloody shame Parker Follet (1900-20) true instruct of centering 5. barb Drucker (1909-2005), The Principles of Management 6. Sir Thomas to a greater extent (1478-1535) surgery soil University